X / Twitter post image size
Shown at 16:9 in the timeline without cropping.
Cropped in your browser · your image is never uploaded
1600 × 900. That is the ratio X shows in the timeline without cropping — anything else is cut to fit and expands only when someone taps it.
How to use the x / twitter post image size
Multi-image posts change the geometry completely and this catches people out. One image is shown at 16:9; two are shown side by side, each cropped to a tall half; four are shown as a 2 × 2 grid of squares. So a 16:9 image that looks perfect on its own gets its sides chopped off when you add a second. If you are posting a set, design them square. On compression: X is harsher on JPEG than on PNG for graphics with flat colour and text, so screenshots and charts hold up better as PNG under the 5 MB limit.
Questions
1600 × 900 for a single image. That displays without cropping in the timeline.