Remove special characters
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Removes every character that is not a letter, a digit or a space. Accented letters are kept, because they are letters — stripping those is a separate choice.
How to use the remove special characters
The decision worth understanding is what counts as a letter. This matches on the Unicode letter property rather than the A–Z range, so café, naïve and Müller survive intact while @, #, % and an em dash do not. A remover built on [^a-zA-Z0-9 ] deletes the é as well, which quietly mangles every non-English name it meets — and is the single most common bug in this kind of tool.
If you do want the accents gone — for a URL slug, a filename, or matching against a system that cannot store them — that is a different operation, and the right one decomposes the character and drops the mark so é becomes e rather than disappearing. The third option here does that.
The usual reason for wanting this is a system with a restricted character set: a filename that has to survive being copied between operating systems, a reference field in an accounting package, a legacy import. In all of those, knowing exactly what survives matters more than the convenience, which is why the rule is stated rather than left to be discovered.
Questions
No, they are letters. This matches the Unicode letter property, not A–Z, so café survives intact.